Kebimbangan (Remaja)

Apakah itu kebimbangan?

Kebimbangan adalah perasaan tidak selesa, takut, resah dan gementar. Ia merupakan satu perkara biasa yang dialami dari masa ke semasa. Perasaan ini kadang-kadang membuat kita lebih bersedia untuk menghadapi keadaan yang tidak diingini.

Apakah penyebab kebimbangan?

Adalah perkara biasa dalam hidup untuk berasa bimbang.
Walau bagaimana kebimbangan berpanjangan akan mengganggu kerja-kerja harian.
Remaja boleh merasa bimbang atas pelbagai sebab, antara lain:

• Rasa cemas keterlaluan oleh ibu bapa
• Peribadi diri yang:
  • Pemalu
  • Selalu mengasingkan diri
  • Mudah risau

• Pernah mengalami trauma

Bagaimana mengetahui seseorang mempunyai masalah kebimbangan?

Seorang yang menghidapi kebimbangan biasanya:

• Mudah terperanjat
• Tidak dapat bertenang
• Susah untuk memberi tumpuan
• Sentiasa mempunyai perasaan resah gelisah
• Susah untuk dapat tidur yang nyenyak
• Mudah letih dan kurang tenaga
• Sentiasa memikirkan perkara yang menakutkan

Bagaimana cara mengatasi kebimbangan?

Ada berbagai cara boleh dibuat, ini termasuk:

• Berkongsi hal-hal yang menakutkan kepada orang yang boleh dipercayai
• Membaca rencana yang ada kaitan dengan masalah yang dihadapi
• Amalan gaya hidup sihat
• Belajar tentang kemahiran cara mengatasi masalah
• Belajar untuk bertenang
• Melibatkan diri dalam kegiatan agama

Apa akan berlaku jika kebimbangan tidak diatasi?

Kebimbangan boleh mengakibatkan:

• Masalah fizikal:
  • Pedih perut (Gastrik)
  • Turun berat badan
  • Tekanan darah tinggi

• Masalah psikologi:
  • Rasa rendah diri
  • Gangguan tidur
  • Hilang selera makan

• Masalah sosial:
  • Ponteng sekolah
  • Tidak pandai berkawan
  • Pengambilan dadah atau alkohol

Di mana anda harus mendapatkan bantuan?

Bantuan boleh didapati daripada:

• Ibu bapa
• Keluarga sendiri yang boleh dipercayai
• Kaunselor sekolah
• Guru Agama

ATAU

Dapatkan bantuan profesional seperti:

• Pakar psikologi
• Pakar Psikiatri

 Sumber : Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia

Warning Sign of Depression

"Sadness is an emotion, whereas depression is an illness,"
True clinical depression differs from the blues in two key ways.

1. Severity: Symptoms are difficult enough to deal with that they interfere with everyday life.
2. Duration: Symptoms are present nearly all the time and last for more than two weeks.

This following 11 warning signs is indicate that a person isn't dealing with normal, transient emotions but with the illness of depression. If several symptoms are present and last for more than two weeks, you or someone you’re concerned about may NEED MEDICAL HELPS..

1. Persistent sad, anxious, or "empty" feelings

This symptom looks like a low mood but persists even after time goes by and the cause of the bad mood has cleared up or receded. Blank stares, loss of interest in life, an inability to feel or express happiness or other emotions. Or the person may report just feeling "empty" or "numb. Often the depressed person isn't fully aware of this symptom. Try asking, "When’s the last time you were happy?"..

2. Feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, or helplessness

In an "Eeyore-like" pessimistic way, the depressed person can't help feeling that everything is wrong and it's his or her fault (rather than the fault of the situation or the illness itself). It's a hallmark sign of major depression. In mild depression, the feelings are similar but less extreme.The person seems unable to see any positive flip side to things or light at the end of the tunnel. The person talks and acts as if he or she has no options, can't see a different path, is useless and meaningless. He or she may fixate on past mistakes, ruminating over them and expressing guilt and self blame. Used to comments like these: "It's hopeless." "I can't do anything about it." "I have no choice." "Nobody cares." "I'm stuck." "I should have/could have/ if only…."

3. Frequent crying episodes

The crying may not seem to have a direct or obvious trigger; sobs often come "out of nowhere." But it's not normal to cry every day (though the depressed person may not realize this). In between episodes you witness, you may notice red eyes, sniffles, cracking voice, balled-up tissues, and other trails to tears. Even, not every depressed person cries; in fact, some never do. Research has shown that women are more inclined to this behavior than men.

4. Increased agitation and restlessness

Some people with depression fall on the "hyper" end of a spectrum of behaviors, where others are the opposite. The person may seem unable to relax, more irritable than usual, quicker to anger, full of restless energy, seldom calm. Look for pacing, lashing out at others, frequent standing up and sitting back down. For the depressed person, everything seems magnified. So small slights or irritations aren't just pebbles in the psyche, they're giant boulders that get in the way of ordinary life.

5. Fatigue and decreased energy

Typically depressed people who don't show a lot of agitation and restlessness experience the flip side of those behaviors -- an increased sluggishness and slowness. The person may complain of having no energy, of feeling unproductive, or of "slowing down." He or she may have quit exercising, seem tired a lot, move more slowly, and have slowed reactions. "To-Do" lists never get finished the way they once did. The person may skip work. Fatigue is a real mind-body problem. Low mood and loss of motivation are partly at work, as well as a physiological depletion of energy -- and the two forces keep reinforcing each other.

6. Loss of interest in activities or hobbies that were once pleasurable

The person no longer takes pleasure in things that once brought enjoyment, whether the lives of children or grandchildren, a hobby or craft, exercise, cooking, book club, watching sports -- or anything. The person may begin to decline invitations, refuse to go out, not want to see friends or family. Some depressed people lose interest in sex. For others, sex functions as a kind of escape, used the same way some depressed people turn to alcohol or drugs.

7. Difficulty concentrating, remembering details, and making decisions

"Fuzzy thinking" is often apparent both to the depressed person and his or her family, friends, and colleagues. Various mental slips may become obvious, such as forgetting appointments and errands, making checkbook errors, misplacing objects, forgetting names, avoiding making plans, postponing decisions or deferring them to others. The person may begin writing reminders to himself or herself or take a long time reading (because it's harder to focus) It may become harder to perform complicated tasks. Cognitive changes associated with depression can look like dementia; in fact, people with dementia are prone to depression, and vice-versa.

8. Sleeping too much or not enough

Disordered sleep and depression are closely related; in some people, depression manifests as insomnia (inability to fall sleep or to stay asleep), while others experience the opposite extreme: All the person feels like doing is sleeping. Regular sleep routines are disrupted; staying up too late or going to bed unusually early; being unable to awaken on time; complaining about a poor night's sleep; sleeping long hours but fitfully -- so the person never feels rested; excessive napping by day. Depression is a leading cause of sleep problems, in part because it interferes with natural biological rhythms.

9. Poor appetite or overeating

The person loses interest in eating or falls into a pattern of constant, emotionally triggered eating. Tend to missed meals, picking at food (especially if this is a change for the person), lying about food intake; loss of interest even in formerly favorite foods, mindless munching and other mindless eating, throwing up after eating; weight gain or weight loss. Depression is a common cause of the eating disorders anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating. It's true both that depression can lead to eating disorders and that people with eating disorders can develop depression.

10.Expressing thoughts of dying or suicide

Depression is one of the conditions most commonly associated with suicide. It begins to seem like a logical way to end the pain and suffering. As many as 90 percent of those who commit suicide are clinically depressed, have a substance abuse problem, or both. (Many people with depression self-medicate with alcohol, which lowers inhibitions and increases the risk for suicide.) The intention may be expressed directly, such as, "I wish I were dead" or "I want to kill myself," or "I want to end it all." Or the threats may be indirect: "You'd be better off without me." "I can't go on." "I wish it were over." "Soon I won't be around any more." Also beware of a preoccupation with death or evidence of plans to follow-through, like buying a gun, hoarding pills, giving away money, or suddenly changing a will.

If you think someone you love may be suicidal, don't leave him or her alone. Rather than leaping right to asking, "Are you thinking about suicide?" Ask a series of questions that build on one another to assess the person’s state of mind: How are you feeling? Are you feeling depressed? Are you feeling hopeless? Are you wondering if life is worth living? Are you considering suicide? Have you made a plan? Encouraging the person to talk about the intended suicide actually lowers (but doesn't remove) the risk of following through. Keep the person safe until he or she can be brought to a doctor or therapist.

11.Persistent aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems that don't ease with treatment

Depression is stressful. The physical effects of chronic stress, added to poor self-care brought on by changes in energy levels, sleep, and appetite, can cause an array of health problems. Increased self-medication (through, pain relivers, alcohol, or abuse of prescription meds), increased complaints that don't seem to fit any kind of pattern, increased doctor visits (or refusal to see a doctor despite obvious complaints). Obviously any of these physical signs can be clues to health problems that are unrelated to depression. The point is to notice if these behaviors are clustering with other symptoms of depression -- and to get them addressed by a health professional so that they become one (or two, or three, or five) fewer bothersome aspects of the depressed person's life.

Jangkitan Kencing Tikus

Negara kita telah dikejutkan oleh kematian dua selebriti terkenal iaitu Izwan Pilus dan Din Beramboi akibat daripada jangkitan kencing tikus. Jangkitan kencing tikus ataupunLeptospirosis adalah satu penyakit yang berpunca daripada air kencing tikus. Pesakit akan mengalami sakit yang tenat dan teruk. Jangkitan ini berlaku disebabkan oleh bakteria Spirochaete yang dikenali sebagai Leptospira. Biarpun tikus merupakan punca daripada jangkitan ini, namun binatang mamalia lain seperti anjing, rusa, arnab, landak,lembu, biri-biri, dan mamalia laut tertentu juga boleh menjadi punca penyakit.

Kes jangkitan ini biasanya akan meningkat ketika musim hujan atau banjir. Jangkitan terhadap manusia selalunya melalui air dicemari kuping kulit dan lendir hidung, mulut dan mata tikus. faktor risiko selalu berlaku kepada mereka yang bekerja terdedah kepada persekitaran. Aktiviti rekreasi seperti berenang dalam air yang telah dicemari bakterium leptospira atau berkayak. terdedah kepada peralatan di rumah yang digunakan untuk penyembelihan, peliharaan anjing atau makanan yang digigit binatang seperti tikus, tupai dan arnab.

Ciri-ciri/Symptom

1. Bermula dengan selsema .

2. Demam tinggi, demam kuning

3. Sakit kepala yang teruk, lesu.

4. Terasa sejuk, sakit otot, sendi, tulang, sakit tekak

5. Muntah-muntah, hilang selera makan.

6. Mata merah.

7. Sakit perut, cirit birit.

8. Keradangan selaput mata

9. Kurang kencing, kencing berwarna gelap atau perang luar biasa.

Kesan/komplikasi

1. Meningitis (iaitu jangkitan kuman pada otak).

2. Pendarahan yang teruk.

3. Masalah pernafasan.

4. Kegagalan fungsi hati.

5. Kegagalan buah pinggang.

Pencegahan/rawatan - Doxycycline,peniciclin,ampicilin

P/s – jangan beli makanan di tempat yang kotor dan terdedah kepada binatang2 terutama tikus, anjing, kuncing. Tinjau dulu kawasan kedai/restoran sebelum order mkn/mnum. Then kalau boleh selepas ni kalau kita beli minuman tin, straw, or apa2 ja la, lebih baik basuh sebelum makan/minum. Sbb kita xtau benda tu telah dikencing/digigit oleh tikus atau tidak. Dan yang paling penting pastikan kita menjaga kebersihan di rumah. Jgn biarkn rumah berada dalam keadaan kotor yang memungkinkan tikus berumah di kediaman kita. Okay?? ^___^

You really can die of a broken heart!

Yes u really can die from a broken heart!!! ..cardiologists said that the loss or death of a loved one can makes you up to 21 times more likely to suffer a heart attack higher than normal within a day of your loss...

Doctors are warning people of the dangers, especially for those closet to the person who died and who are already at risk of having heart attack. This can be by the stress and emotional strain that would be sure bring you less off sleep and appetite, while some of you neglect your health and diet because of the pain...

We know that stress can have a big effect on our heart and larger cardiovascular system. it can increase the heart rate then can turn to increase blood pressure. When we loss someone we loved,we think of that all time and give us stress out..it is seriously effect to heart conditions that could segue into heart attack, heart disease or stroke...

For further reading http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/9002263/You-really-can-die-of-a-broken-heart-say-scientists.html

Exhaustion

The state of exhaustion is one that is a common occurrence in all forms of athletic performance. It is a description that is intended to reflect a final, often dramatic, result of one or more bodily processes on the brink of failure. Where there is exhaustion, there must be an extreme level of fatigue, to the point where relief must be sought by the athlete or a catastrophe will invariably follow.

Exhaustion is a term employed in three distinct contexts in sports science. Physical exhaustion is the expression used to describe either musculoskeletal fatigue or a general inability to physically continue to perform at the desired level due to all energy stores having been consumed. Physical exhaustion is most common in those sports where the activity occurs over a longer period of time, as in distance events of all types; it may also arise through prolonged training for shorter duration events. Mental exhaustion is the loss of mental keenness. Mental fatigue can occur during an event, such as an endurance race, but more commonly this state occurs in a cumulative fashion, due to factors such as the pressure of high level competition or the stress imposed upon the athlete through daily training sessions. Terms such as "burnout," "staleness," and "brain-fag" are expressions of mental exhaustion. Heat exhaustion is a subset of physical exhaustion, but as it arises in specific environmental circumstances, it has a separate and well-developed set of physical indicators.

Reggie Evans of the Seattle Supersonics flops on the ground in exhaustion during a game.

Physical exhaustion is a condition that is most commonly revealed by extreme fatigue on the part of athletes, where they are no longer physically capable of performing at their accustomed level. As physical exhaustion typically occurs in endurance sports, it is the aerobic energy system that is central to an examination of the mechanics of this condition. When the body requires energy for activities lasting longer than approximately 90 seconds, it will fuel itself through the production of the energy source adenosine triphosphate (ATP), using available stores of glucose. ATP is produced as the culmination of a process whereby the bodily carbohydrate stores, glycogen, are converted to glucose and transported through the red blood cells of the bloodstream to the muscles where the ATP conversion occurs. The red blood cells also transport the oxygen required to metabolize, or burn, this fuel; the blood also removes the waste products and carbon dioxide produced in this process.

The simplest and most common form of physical fatigue is when the body simply runs out of the primary sources of carbohydrate required to manufacture energy in the form of ATP. When the body determines that it has no more glycogen available to it (the liver regulates the level of these sugars present in the bloodstream), it will revert to the consumption of stored fats to convert into energy sources. Fats are a comparatively lesser, more inefficient fuel for energy production. As with any machine, when the fuel sources are spent, the body cannot continue to perform. An inability to produce energy does not only affect the muscles and other working components of the body, but also the functioning of the brain and the central nervous system; a depletion of physical energy stores will cause significant reductions in concentration and mental function.

Absent any other physical factors contributing to the physical exhaustion, such as extreme cold or altitude, this circumstance will be corrected through rest and the ingestion of appropriate carbohydrate-rich foods to redress the bodily balance. The other most common potential causes of physical exhaustion in an athlete, occurring either singly or in combination with other factors, include: illness (such as cancer); poor long-term nutritional habits (such as lacking vitamins or minerals necessary to the function of the energy systems); mental stress; environmental condition (e.g., air pollution); and dehydration (when the fluid level of the body is reduced, the volume of fluid in the bloodstream is correspondingly less).

Physical exhaustion is also an expression used to describe the testing processes used to calculate performance measures such as VO₂max, the maximum amount of oxygen that an athlete can process, which is a powerful indicator of endurance sport fitness. Physical exhaustion is also the stated limit to carbohydrate depletion tests and interval training of all types. The immediate, short-term athletic goal in each of these mechanisms is to train to physical exhaustion; the long-term objective is to extend the prior physical limits.

Mental exhaustion can arise in a number of circumstances in relation to both training and competitive circumstances. Professional team sport athletes who are required to play a number of games over a period of weeks will often complain of a lethargy and lack of motivation. Hard training, especially when the individual components are repetitive, can occasionally result in a similar mental fatigue.

Heat exhaustion a progression in the overheating of the body known as hyperthermia. When the body is working, especially in warm or humid conditions, it cools itself by forcing warm blood to the surface of the skin, which results in the production of perspiration, which in turn both dehydrates the system and depletes the body of the mineral sodium. The symptoms of heat exhaustion are severe thirst, generalized weakness, and a loss of coordination (due to reduced mineral levels, which aid in the transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles). The next stage in this progressive heat illness is a heat stroke, which may result in cardiac arrest and death. A notable fatality due to heat stroke was that of Korey Stringer, National Football League (NFL) lineman, in 2001 during a hot weather training camp session.

http://www.faqs.org/sports-science/Dr-Fo/Exhaustion.html